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	GR No. 171897 2015-10-14	PHILIPPINE TRUST COMPANY v. FLORO ROXAS JARDELEZA, J.
Forum shopping exists when the elements of litis pendentia are present, viz.: (a) identity of parties, or at least such parties as those representing the same interests in both actions; (b) identity of rights assered and relief prayed for, the relief being founded on the same facts; and (c) the identity of the two preceding particulars is such that any judgment rendered in the other action, will, regardless of which party is successful, amount to res judicata in the action under consideration.[41]
	GR No. 180109 2010-07-26	PEOPLE v. JOSEPH 'JOJO' V. GREY NACHURA, J.
The elements of res judicita are: (a) the former judgment must be final; (b) the court which rendered judgment had jurisdiction over the parties and the subject matter; (c) it must be a judgment on the merits; and (d) there must be, between the first and second actions, identity of parties, subject matter, and cause of action.[41]
	GR No. 131141 2000-10-20	HEIRS OF VICTORINA MOTUS PENAVERDE v. HEIRS OF MARIANO PENAVERDE YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.
filed the second case, Civil Case No. Q-95-24711, as an alternative remedy, obviously to fortify their chances of obtaining a share in the same estate. In the recent case of Ayala Land. Inc. v. Valisno,[11] we had the occasion to explain the concept of forum-shopping, to wit -