This case has been cited 4 times or more.
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2015-04-08 |
LEONEN, J. |
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| Per this rule, reduction to written form, regardless of the formalities observed,[36] "forbids any addition to, or contradiction of, the terms of a written agreement by testimony or other evidence purporting to show that different terms were agreed upon by the parties, varying the purport of the written contract."[37] | |||||
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2013-11-27 |
REYES, J. |
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| Given this categorical statement, the petitioners' denial that they have received the amount necessitated concrete and substantial proof. A perusal of the case records shows that the petitioners failed in this regard. Even their unsubstantiated claim that the document's notarization was irregularly made cannot prevail over the presumption that the notary public's duty has been regularly performed.[24] The CA also correctly held that the parol evidence rule applies to this case. Unsubstantiated testimony, offered as proof of verbal agreements which tend to vary the terms of the written agreement, is inadmissible under the rule.[25] | |||||
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2010-10-04 |
VILLARAMA, JR., J. |
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| Rudlin cannot invoke the exception under (a) or (b) of the above provision. Such exception obtains only where "the written contract is so ambiguous or obscure in terms that the contractual intention of the parties cannot be understood from a mere reading of the instrument. In such a case, extrinsic evidence of the subject matter of the contract, of the relations of the parties to each other, and of the facts and circumstances surrounding them when they entered into the contract may be received to enable the court to make a proper interpretation of the instrument." [43] | |||||
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2010-08-03 |
CARPIO MORALES, J. |
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| Sales invoices are recognized commercial documents to facilitate trade or credit transactions. They are proofs that a business transaction has been concluded, hence, should not be considered bereft of probative value.[9] Only the preponderance of evidence threshold as applied in ordinary civil cases is needed to substantiate a claim for tax refund proper.[10] | |||||