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	GR No. 168406 2015-01-14	CLUB FILIPINO v. BENJAMIN BAUTISTA LEONEN, J.
Res judicata has two (2) aspects. The first is bar by prior judgment that precludes the prosecution of a second action upon the same claim, demand or cause of action.[84] The second aspect is conclusiveness of judgment, which states that "issues actually and directly resolved in a former suit cannot again be raised in any future case between the same parties involving a different cause of action."[85]
	GR NO. 150134 2007-10-31	ERNESTO C. DEL ROSARIO v. FAR EAST BANK CARPIO MORALES, J.
The above-quoted provision lays down two main rules. Section 49(b) enunciates the first rule of res judicata known as "bar by prior judgment" or "estoppel by judgment," which states that the judgment or decree of a court of competent jurisdiction on the merits concludes the parties and their privies to the litigation and constitutes a bar to a new action or suit involving the same cause of action either before the same or any other tribunal.[29]