This case has been cited 3 times or more.
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2013-09-04 |
BERSAMIN, J. |
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| It is a fundamental rule in criminal procedure that the State carries the onus probandi in establishing the guilt of the accused beyond a reasonable doubt, as a consequence of the tenet ei incumbit probation, qui dicit, non qui negat, which means that he who asserts, not he who denies, must prove,[40] and as a means of respecting the presumption of innocence in favor of the man or woman on the dock for a crime. Accordingly, the State has the burden of proof to show: (1) the correct identification of the author of a crime, and (2) the actuality of the commission of the offense with the participation of the accused. All these facts must be proved by the State beyond reasonable doubt on the strength of its evidence and without solace from the weakness of the defense. That the defense the accused puts up may be weak is inconsequential if, in the first place, the State has failed to discharge the onus of his identity and culpability. The presumption of innocence dictates that it is for the Prosecution to demonstrate the guilt and not for the accused to establish innocence.[41] Indeed, the accused, being presumed innocent, carries no burden of proof on his or her shoulders. For this reason, the first duty of the Prosecution is not to prove the crime but to prove the identity of the criminal. For even if the commission of the crime can be established, without competent proof of the identity of the accused beyond reasonable doubt, there can be no conviction.[42] | |||||
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2012-06-25 |
PERALTA, J. |
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| The first duty of the prosecution is not to present the crime but to identify the criminal.[89] To this end, the prosecution in these cases offered in evidence the joint counter-affidavit[90] of Andres Reyes and Manguerra; the counter-affidavit[91] of Mario Reyes; the joint counter-affidavit[92] of Cunanan and Puno; the counter-affidavit[93]of Yapyuco; and the joint counter-affidavit[94] of Yapyuco, Cunanan and Puno executed immediately after the incident in question. In brief, Cunanan and Puno stated therein that "[their] team was forced to fire at the said vehicle" when it accelerated after warning shots were fired in air and when it ignored Yapyuco's signal for it to stop;[95] in their earlier affidavit they, together with Yapyuco, declared that they were "constrained x x x to fire directly to (sic) the said fleeing vehicle."[96] Yapyuco's open court declaration, which was adopted by Cunanan and Puno, is that he twice discharged his firearm: first, to give warning to the subject jeepney after it allegedly failed to stop when flagged down and second, at the tires thereof when it came clear that it was trying to escape.[97] He suggested substantiating the implication in his affidavit that it was "the whole team [which fired] at the fleeing vehicle" [98] that the bullets which hit the passenger side of the ill-fated jeepney could have come only from the CHDFs posted inside the yard of Naron where Manguerra, Mario Reyes and Andres Reyes admitted having taken post while awaiting the arrival of the suspect vehicle.[99] | |||||
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2012-04-11 |
BERSAMIN, J. |
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| Nonetheless, in all criminal prosecutions, the Prosecution bears the burden to establish the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. In discharging this burden, the Prosecution's duty is to prove each and every element of the crime charged in the information to warrant a finding of guilt for that crime or for any other crime necessarily included therein.[14] The Prosecution must further prove the participation of the accused in the commission of the offense.[15] In doing all these, the Prosecution must rely on the strength of its own evidence, and not anchor its success upon the weakness of the evidence of the accused. The burden of proof placed on the Prosecution arises from the presumption of innocence in favor of the accused that no less than the Constitution has guaranteed.[16] Conversely, as to his innocence, the accused has no burden of proof,[17] that he must then be acquitted and set free should the Prosecution not overcome the presumption of innocence in his favor.In other words, the weakness of the defense put up by the accused is inconsequential in the proceedings for as long as the Prosecution has not discharged its burden of proof in establishing the commission of the crime charged and in identifying the accused as the malefactor responsible for it. | |||||